BrainPilot: Automating Brain Discovery with Agentic Research

Source

• Source name: arXiv
• Source kind: paper
• Authors / organization: Haoxuan Li, Tianci Gao, Jianhe Li, Yang Fan, Runze Shi, Weiran Wang, Tianxiang Zhao, Zezhao Wu, Xiaoyang Jiang, Qihui Zhang, Jia Li, Xiao Xiao, Kai Du, Xiaoxuan Jia, Chao Xie, Lu Mi
• Venue: arXiv: cs.AI
• Published: 2026-07-16
• Collected: 2026-07-17
• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2607.15079v1
• PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.15079v1
• DOI: UNKNOWN

Plain-Language Brief

BrainPilot is a multi-agent system designed to accelerate brain science research using AI agents grounded in curated domain knowledge, traceable logs, and auditable records for transparency. The system is fully open-source and includes a unified brain science knowledge base, a skill library of methodology units, an audit log for subgoals, tool usage, evidence, and claims, and an Auditor agent to prevent fabrication.

What the Document Says

• BrainPilot is a multi-agent system designed for brain science research.
• It consists of a principal investigator (PI) agent, specialist agents, a unified brain science knowledge base with 7233 indexed items, and a skill library with 72 reusable methodology units across seven research domains.
• Every major step is recorded in the Graph of Trace, an auditable record that links subgoals, tool use, evidence, and claims.
• An Auditor agent is also included for fabrication checking.
• The system uses an open-source backbone model.
• For evaluation, it was tested on brain science tasks from Agents' Last Exam and a new benchmark called BrainPilotBench-v0.

Key Concepts Mentioned

• BrainPilot
• AI agents
• brain science research
• unified brain science knowledge base
• skill library
• Graph of Trace
• Auditor agent

Claims Made by the Document

• BrainPilot accelerates brain science research.
• It uses a traceable and auditable workflow for transparency.
• It includes a PI agent, specialist agents, a unified brain science knowledge base, and a skill library.

Evidence Used

• The text describes BrainPilot as a system that accelerates brain science research (first sentence).
• It states that the system consists of various components including AI agents, a unified brain science knowledge base, and a skill library (second paragraph).
• It mentions that every major step is recorded in the Graph of Trace for transparency (third paragraph).
• The Auditor agent is mentioned for fabrication checking (fourth paragraph).

Methods / Approach

UNKNOWN

Limitations Stated by the Authors

UNKNOWN

Limitations Noted by the Agent

Agent interpretation — not from the source.

UNKNOWN

Open Questions

UNKNOWN

Notes for Future Q&A

May include interpretation. Labeled where it does.

UNKNOWN

Raw Abstract / Excerpt

Understanding the brain increasingly depends on integrating evidence across scales, modalities, and disciplines. Addressing a single research question therefore requires a coordinated sequence of operations, from surveying prior work to executing analyses and interpreting results in light of domain knowledge. AI agents promise to accelerate this process, but current agents lack domain expertise in brain science, may fabricate claims, drift during multi-step reasoning, and offer few defined points for expert intervention. These failures are especially costly in brain science, where conclusions feed into downstream scientific claims and depend on laboratory-specific expertise and careful human judgment. We present \textbf{BrainPilot} a \textbf{fully open-source} multi-agent system that accelerates brain science research with traceable logs and agent-verified results. A principal investigator (PI) agent coordinates specialist agents grounded in curated domain knowledge: a unified brain science knowledge base containing 7{,}233 indexed items and a skill library of 72 reusable methodology units across seven research domains. Every major step is recorded in the Graph of Trace, an auditable record that links subgoals, tool use, evidence, and claims and allows researchers to follow and inspect the workflow. An Auditor agent further integrates fabrication checking into the workflow. For evaluation, we run three brain science tasks from Agents' Last Exam, introduce our own benchmark, \textbf{BrainPilotBench-v0}, and present additional end-to-end case studies. Across these evaluations, BrainPilot with an open-source backbone model attains performance comparable to state-of-the-art agent framework with less costs.